Crimefighters' Calculating Computers of the JLA and JSA

After their initial years working in a pre-automatic climate, with the advant of increased technology, both the Justice League and Justice Society developed their own unique computers to aid them in their costumed crimefighter careers. In the years that followed, these instruments would be essential, indeed instrumental, in these twin teams' successful missions, and would on occasion even be used in conjunction with one another across the dimensional barrier when needed.

The first of these groups to develop their own computer was the Justice Society, spurred on by their resident chemist and amateur hardware engineer, Hourman. Known primarily for his work in the field of chemical conconctions while with his former employer Bannermain Chemical, which he would later acquire and renamed Tyler Chemical, Rex Tyler produced his revolutionary "Crime-Caster" which could calculate different probabilities as to crime that he... as Hourman... would have to combat alongside his fellow JSA members. This device was first used simultaneous to the appearance within their brownstone base of an alien entity, the Tornado Champion, that had merged together with the android Red Tornado which joined the Society. As to the Crime-Caster, it would become the basis for T.O. Morrow's future computer.

Soon afterward, following the exposure of their initial secret headquarters by the Joker, the Justice League created a new Satellite headquarters orbiting Earth-One. And to operate this mobile base, League members Superman and Hawkman pooled their Kyrptonian and Thanagarian technology, creating the Justice League Computer. However, as with it's Earth-Two doppleganger, this computer was introduced simultaneous with base of an alien entity, a Dharlu, which had been encased in moon-rocks that were experimemented upon by S.T.A.R. Labs. Traveling with Leaguers Flash and Hawkman to the Satellite, it attempted to retrofit the Satellite into a space vessel that would take it to its extra-terrestrial place of origin. 

The Justice League were able to overpower the Dharlu, and while doing so realized that its prescence within their computer helped it to function correctly. It seemed that the sensitive circuity within the computer were destabilized, however creature was able to correct this flaw. And so, for years thereafter, the Dharlu stayed in frozen suspended animation imprisoned within the Satellite, although on one occasion it was temporarily freed before being captured by Wonder Woman.

As previously mentioned, the two groups on occasion used their computers in conjuction, such as when they were attempting to track down the killer of JSA member Mister Terrific onboard the Satellite. Given that both devices networked seemlessly, it seems that the Society's Computer with 100% Earth-based technology was superior to the melding of the Leaguer's hybrid system that was their Computer. 

It is unknown if the Dharlu survived during this case, as the evil Roger Romaine sabotaged it... causing it to explode in order to cover up his complicity in the hero's death. If the being did survive, undoubtedly it perished following the destruction of the Satellite during a Martian invasion of Earth-One.

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Untold Tale of the Justice Society: Mission in Space!

In late summer of 1975, the Greatest Superheroes of Twin Earths were called away to other worlds, facing ancient adversaries that threatened parallel planets. In both instances, each team defeated these foes one by one, until the true malevolent mastermind was revealed behind-the scenes, powered by a stellar stick in a ploy to lure these champions to their doom using fin-head spacemen.

On Earth-One, members of the Justice League were transported to Rann-One by the scientist named Sardath using his Zeta Plus Beam, in order to assist his future son-in-law Adam Strange in battling old gigantic enemies in the form of: a ray-gun, the bird Kalulla, the metallic Borg, and the Cloud Creature. All of these creatures were manufactured by Kanjar Ro, a villain who battled both Strange and the League in the past. 

On Earth-Two, members of the Justice Society were teleported via celestrial energies at the Mount Pride Observatory* while tracking down missing member Starman. On another world in space, most likely Rann-Two, the Society members battled stellar beings designed by their immortal adversary Vandal Savage** to resemble constellations Andromeda and a giant winged horse, Orion and a giant dog, and Sagittarius and a giant eagle (and later, characters modeled after those on Earth’s broadcast television airwaves). Savage accomplished this by utilzing Starman's old Gravity Rod. With these stellar beings, Vandal built green Kryptonite suns for the planet Colu-Two to orbit.***

While the space mission of the Justice Society was accomplished without any serious threat to life, such was not the case with the Justice League. For a time, it seemed as if Leaguers Superman, Flash, Green Lantern, Black Canary and Elongated Man had perished, until Adam Strange noticed that they had been transformed into black spheres. Using Kanjar Ro's Energi-Rod to reverse the process, the five heroes along with their fellow members and Strange were able to defeat Kanjar Ro, removing the threat he and his minions posed.

During to the Society's own mission in space, Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman and Starman were likewise able to outmanuever Savage, when Starman used his prototype Cosmic Rod to overpower Vandal's stolen stick. Concurrent to this, six other members of the Society were dealing with a threat posed by the Injustice Society of the World and their minion, the empowered Cary Bates. Bates, a comicbook writer on Earth-Prime, accidentally ended up on Earth-Two when he used the Earth-One Flash's Cosmic Threadmill left behind on Cary's world. Seeing the potential to create sinister scenarios using his creative storytelling techniques, Bates was manipulated by the Wizard into leading the Justice Society into a trap while battling their Injustice adversaries. Mentally controlling Wonder Woman, Doctor Mid-Nite, Hourman, Johnny Thunder, Wildcat and Robin, Bates had each hero pose as a member of the Injustice Society. Then, when Bates' coworker and fellow writer Elliott S. Maggin journeyed to Earth-One with six members of the Justice League. he found his former friend now a vile villain. The League defeated those whom they thought were the Injustice Society, seemingly killing them.

The Leaguers remained on Earth-Two**** to protect it until the remaining Society members returned from space. As for those six seemingly deceased heroes, they were  in fact all comatose under the effects of Cary Bates, a process reversed by the Spectre, visiting his homeworld after having previously migrated to Earth-One. Together, the League and Society defeated the supervillains, and Bates with Maggin returned to Earth-Prime (a similar battle between the Justice League and Injustice Gang later took place on Earth-One).

* While this tale initially was told in a post-Crisis Earth, during the period of the early 1950s, it has been witnessed that tales on that composite world had a basis in adventures on Earths One and Two. As there were two fin-headed space heroes involved (Adam Strange and Starman), various energy beings used as pawns (Strange's old inhuman adversaries in the cloud etc. and the 3 constellation entities), spawned by evil enemies (Kanjar Ro and Vandal Savage) using stellar sticks (the Energi-Rod and Gravity Rod), with teleportation to and from Earth to other parts of the universe (via Zeta Plus Beams from Sardath's laboratory and cosmic rays from Starman's Mount Pride Observatory), involving remaining members of the Society (Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman and Starman) not present during the Injustice Society case... it seems logical that this is the untold tale of the Justice Society in space in 1975. 

**Soon after this tale, Vandal Savage attempted to restore his immortality while visiting Earth-One. He made this planet…. probably Rann-Two... as a staging ground to build Colu-Two and its two suns a year later. We know he was still in his phantom state as Earth-Two Flash mentioned to his counterpart that he just learned of Vandal’s condition (which was an untold tale… this tale!!!). Afterwards, Savage lured Superman and the Justice Society to Colu-Two via ancient Camelot!

***Undoubtedly, the stellar beings which Vandal enlisted into service on Rann-Two as constellations were the Sun-Thrivers, whom he forced to build for him Colu-Two’s twin green Kryptonite suns.

**** Of those remaining members of the Justice Society during these contemporaneous tales of Savage on Rann-Two and the Injustice Society, six heroes were present on Earth-Two though not active at this time. Atom was recovering from injuries in a previous crossover, Sandman had self-imposed amnesia of his dual identity (in order to deal with the trauma of his sidekick Sandy's current condition), Mister Terrific was focusing on his career as a Gateway City college professor, Superman and Batman were busy raising a cousin and daughter respectively. As for Doctor Fate, he was dealing with his old foe Khalis' return in the city of Boston.

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Medical Facilities and their Practioners of the Worlds' Greatest Heroes

Both the Justice League and Justice Society were prepared for all contingencies, and this included medical emergencies from cases that endangered their members. As such, each team had specially designed and equipped medical facilities within their headquarters.

While the Justice Society had the advantage of two physicians on staff, Doctor Mid-Nite aka Doctor Charles McNider and Doctor Fate aka Doctor Kent Nelson (the former of whom helped save the life of the latter, after a battle with Vulcan Son of Fire), the Justice League did not have a dedicated medical professional. However, both teams had a Wonder Woman, each equipped to perform life saving techniques (such as when the Earth-One Wonder Woman saved her teammate Aquaman). 

Besides standard Earth-based state-of-the-art medical devices, the teams' members also incorporate their own technology. The League used Thanagarian devices to revive the Flash. The Society relied on the stellar based technology of Ted Knight, aka Starman, to help sustain the life of Doctor Fate… who suffered severe injuries while battling a villain named Vulcan.

On an earlier occasion, the Earth-Two Wonder Woman revitalized six of her teammates in the Society with her purple healing ray, a scientific breakthrough she and her counterpart invented individually.

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Untold Teamup Tales of the Justice League & Justice Society

As evidenced by the existence of an unaffected future for the Legion of Super-Heroes, Brane "Batman" Taylor, Bilbat"Captain Marv", and a Kamandi... there were multiple 30th century timelines set apart from one another. These heroes' realities remained separate and distinct from one another. Their realities... Earth-One, Earth-Two, Earth-S and Earth-A.D... where each their own unique location within the Mulitverse. As previously ascerted, this proves that a future timeline existed and was thus spared from the cross-contamination of a merged post Crisis on Infinite Earths singular universe, which itself would repeatedly reboot and readjust itself.

With this in mind, we can hypothesize additional untold tales of those 20th century heroes, including several annual teamups between the Justice League of America and the Justice Society of America. These involved additional teams, on both their own worlds and alternate Earths. This harmonizes with the pattern they set for decades, when the JLA and JSA encountered the Crime Syndicate of Earth-Three, the Lawless League of Earth-A, the Seven Soldiers of Victory of Earth-Two, the Freedom Fighters of Earth-X (and formerly of Earth-Two), the Squadron of Justice of Earth-S, the Legion of Super-Heroes of Earth-One, the New Gods of an adjacent Earth-One reality, and the All-Star Squadron of Earth-Two.

What were some of these teamups? Thanks to the inventive mind of Multiverse historian David Stepp, we get a glimpse into some of these amazing adventures:

• The League and Society teamup with Sentinels of Justice of Earth-Four to defend that world against an incursion by the Crime Champions, a gang of villains originally consisting of Earth-One's Chronos, Felix Faust and Doctor Alchemy and Earth-Two's Icicle, Wizard and Gambler. Evidentally, this sinister six expanded their roster to include Sentinal adversaries the Ghost, Doctor Spectro, Punch and Jewelee. To combat this, JLAers Batman, Green Arrow, and Red Tornado as well as JSAers Atom, Hourman and Starman are joined in the fight by Sentinal members Captain Atom, Nightshade and Blue Beetle as well as their ally the Son of Vulcan. The result of this confrontation undoubtedly proved better for Earth-Four than had the Crisis' "Villain War", which left portions of that world in environmental chaos unleashed by the costumed criminals and their mammoth sentient toxic weapon of war, Chemo.

• The Justice Society journeyed to Earth-One to assist the Justice League and the League's next generation protégées, the New Teen Titans, versus the malevolent Brother Blood and his Church of Blood from the nation of Zandia. Sebastian Blood possibly snatched the Powerstone, prompting the intervention of the JSA. Thanks to the intervention of these three titanic teams, led by New Teen Titans' leader Dick "Robin" Grayson and Justice Society member Dick "Nightwing" Grayson (although why the younger Dick reverted to his Robin alias rather than remain as Nightwing is unknown).

• Sinestro uses his ability to mentally manipulate others (which he has formerly used in a Brave and Bold tale when he controlled the Oan Guardians of Earth-One’s Universe while disguised as one of their own... and later when he exerted mind-control over his fellow Korugarians) to coerce select members of the Green Lantern Corps into becoming his second Sinestro Corps. Apparently, he sought to succeed where he had years earlier failed, when cloning himself a dozen time into the first incarnation of the Sinestro Corp when he and his minions invaded Earth-Two. The Justice Society's involvment in this tale indicates that Sinestro brought over these Corps men and women to Earth-Two for a repeat incursion into that world, one thwarted by the JLA and JSA led by Green Lanterns Hal Jordan and Alan Scott of those respective teams.

• In a two-part crossover, the Time Trapper recruits fellow temporal thieves the Lord of Time of Earth-One and Per Degaton of Earth-Two to ensnare the majority of the Justice League and Justice Society in a time trap in the 30th century of Earth-Two. In part two, the remaining Leaguers and Socialites journey to the 30th century of Earth-One to recruit the aid of the Legion of Super-Heroes from that era in helping them battle their old foe Trapper and his cronies, but end up settling for the Legion of Substitute Heroes who help them after defeating the Legion of Super-Villains sent by the Time Trio to thwart them.

• Finally, the Justice Society individually face off against the Crime Society, a version of the Crime Syndicate but from a different world than that of Earth-Three. This Crime Society is modeled off the Justice Lords, a team of renegade superheroes who took the law into their own hand, administering their perverted form of authoritarian justice upon President Lex Luthor and his criminal minions on their world. This Crime Society would undoubtedly have invaded Earth-Two, just as the Crime Syndicate had invaded that world and Earth-One several years earlier. Perhaps the Justice League later became involved, aiding the Society as they had versus the Syndicate.

• These are just a few examples of potential probable plotlines involving the Greatest Heroes of Earths One and Two in a future unobstructed by the calamity that fell upon the Multiverse during the Crisis on Infinite Earths!

Twice-Told-Tales: Green Growths Grip Globes

The Justice Society of America’s epic battle with the Iron Hand was legendary. The Hand utilized energy from his old enemies’ deadliest adversary, the Nebula Man, to ensnare Earth-Two within a gigantic glove-encircled energy hand in its grip. Nearly the entire JSA membership was present when they recruited their Earth-One counterparts to assist them. Yet, five key members weren’t with them on that occasion: Superman, Flash, Atom, Batman, and team leader Hawkman. Or were they?

Simultaneous to this 1972 encounter with the insidious green hand, the Justice League of America faced the threat of extraterrestrial father-and-son galactic gardeners  Bur-Sed and Kur-Sed* attempting to terraform Earth-One from its polluted state. Despite their benevolent motivations, their alien plants were having an adverse effect of the climate on the humans’ world. The League outsmarted them, ensnaring the staffs giving these gardeners their powers.

Amongst the League members present, both to vanquish the green gardeners and assist the Society versus the heinous hands, were the doppelgängers of those five missing Socialites. However, years later the Flash of Earth-Two was shown as present with his teammates during the Iron Hand case, while Hawkman also speaks as to having been present on this adventure.  After both teams helped recover Iron Hand’s original adversaries the Seven Soldiers of Victory from past eras, the heroes thwarted the Hand’s scheme.

And in fact a picture of one of the two initial encounters with the nebula hand shows a Hawkman and Superman present… before the League with their versions of these heroes…had arrived on their world. These two heroes as well as Flash may well have been either injured, on sent elsewhere to explore other options in defeating their implacable foe. A footnote to this adventure (in All-Star Comics #58) refers to the conclusion of the Hand-Saga (in Justice League of America #102), wherein pictures of those who welcomed back Star-Spangled Kid and his fellow Soldiers included the aforementioned golden age Flash. The Society’s Atom had been injured in the previous year’s crossover with the League, while dealing with an alien boy and his symbiotic dog.

As for the Batman, he had remained an honorary Justice Society member… and so only rarely participated in their missions. Although he did participate in some capacity when Creator2 attempted to destroy Earth-Two, and later when King Kull of Earth-S also attempted to end his planet, at least on this occasion he evidently felt the fate of the world was in good hands. Also at this time, he was mostly retired from crimefighting, having turned over his mantle to his ward and former sidekick Robin, now a grown man.

* Bur Sed and Kur Sed’s counterparts King Tassel and Lord Cob had attempted to terraform Earth-Two decades prior to this until they were thwarted by Wonder Woman and her Holliday College Girls.

Whatever Happened to the Perisphere and Trylon

A central mystery in the history of the Justice Society was its short-lived satellite headquarters, secretly designed by the sinister Eliminations, Inc. which sought revenge for the heroic team's defeat of its predecessor, the Binary Brotherhood. Retrofitting equipment from their Flying Eye craft, which the Binary Brotherhood’s “Brain Trust” developed as a subterfuge for an alien attack, in order to unite adversarial nations of World War II in peace. When members of the Justice Society of America, accompanied by the All-Star Squadron, thwarted their misguided plan for world peace… the Brotherhood became Eliminations, Inc. This sinister scientists’ society formed a plan to strike back at their costumed foes. In order to accomplish this, they used a historic headquarters, where both teams met until 1945, as a potential death trap!

On Earth-One and Earth-Prime, like Earth-Two, the Perisphere and Trylon were the centerpieces of the 1939 World’s Fair in New York City. By 1940, both structures had falled into disrepair, and were soon after scrapped with the metal being used for the war effort... at least on other Earths. On Earth-Two, perhaps due to superior construction techniques (given that technology on this world was decades ahead of their parallel planets in a number of ways), both building remained until the spring of 1942 when the All-Star Squadron claimed both as their new base of operations. However, once this team dissolved in 1945 at the conclusion of the war, the question remained... whatever happened to these two landmarks?

Again, on other Earths in 1949, the next World’s Fair took place in Haiti. However, on Earth-Two, that year's World’s Fair took place in the midwestern metropolis known as Civic City. There, both buildings were transplanted to that city's designated fair grounds, and were still there the following year in 1950 when disasters struck this burgeoning burg. The sinister Diamond Men from below Earth-Two rose to the surface, both through a notable local geyser and a deep lake within the city's bounderies. On hand to deal with and defeat the Diamond Men were the Justice Society, although one of the subterranean race's incursion into Civic City seemingly toppled the Perisphere and Trylon.

However, the following year in 1951, the Justice Society were lured into orbit above Earth-Two by a mysterious benefactor, who claimed to have bequeathed them a satellite headquarters, specifically designed by his organization. This turned out to be a death trap, one which the seven Society members were able to escape, after which Green Lantern transported the satellite back to Earth. He and his teammates then brought its creators... Professor Ivo and his Eliminations, Inc. cohorts to justice. However, a subsequent congressional hearing into the activities and secret identities of the Justice Society caused the heroes to retire from their costumed crusader for the next twelve years.

Interestingly, the size, shape and dimensions of the JSA satellite mirrored that of the former Perisphere, originally of New York and then of Civil City. It seems that this was one and the same structure, modified by technology incorporated into the Brain Trust's Flying Eye from nearly a decade prior. While its counterpart Perisphere on Earth-One was melted down into scrap metal, it is quite likely that some of this material formed the basis of the Justice League's satellite which they designed in the late 1970s. Like the Perisphere/satellite of Earth-Two, the League's satellite would eventually be destroyed by an attack by an alien race, although their attacker came from another world… the Martians! As for the satellite/Perisphere, it was last seen brought back to the surface Earth-Two by Green Lantern, possibly also turned to scrap metal.

Twice-Told-Tales: Ancient Alien Adversaries VS Awesome Avengers

Ancient alien adversaries attacked Earths One and Two in the 20th century, aeons after making their first appearances thousands of years earlier, when they devastaed rival races on other worlds. The celestrial bodies these beings called home consisted of an intruding planetoid and a yellow comet, which jeapardized the safety of the worlds they orbited. Only the combined might of the Justice League of America and Justice Society of America could tackle the threats possessed by the citizens of Luna and denizens of the comet!

In 1978, the mysterious satellite known as Luna first materialized above Earth-One. As a result, vast natural disasters occurred around the globe, facilitated by the gravitational pull of Luna. As members of the League were dispatched across the planet to help mitigate the effects of this, while saving victims left in their wake, the Leaguers encountered the invading inhabitants of Luna. The League members (Green Lantern, Flash, Atom, Wonder Woman, Black Canary, Superman, Batman, Aquaman, Green Arrow, Elongated Man and Red Tornado) discovered from testimony provided by the adversarial aliens' governor that the planetoid Luna was known as Regina, and it had shifted from its own dimension into that of Earth-One. As before, Regina derived energy from Earth-One which helped sustain its existence and that of its inhabitants. 

In 1949, a mysterious yellow comet along with meteors entered the atmosphere of Earth-Two. As the trio of meteors landed only in locations within the United States, the global impact was confined into smaller regions, although various fires was ignited at each point of impact. As a result, three teams of Justice Society are dispatched to three areas where the meteorites have landed to assist the local inhabitants while quenching these fires.  At each destination, the Society members (Green Lantern, Flash, Atom, Wonder Woman, Black Canary, Hawkman and Doctor Mid-Nite)  encountered the Fire People originating from the comet, each attempting to and succeeding in procuring valuable stores of radium from their human foes.

The JLAer soon discovered that Regina and its people existed millions of years earlier, and had been shifted forward in time following an intra-solar system battle with another planet, which they destroyed, Fragments of that doomed world became the astroid belt now existing between Mars and Jupiter, while the energies unleashed thrust Regina into the 1978. The Justice League used their combined powers to propel Regina into a far-future time period, where it would orbit an uninhabited Earth-One.

The JSAers soon discovered from an ancient recording that these comet-people had arrived millions of years earlier, and destroyed humanity of that era using radium they had stolen.  Equipped with this knowledge, the Society ascertained that white-heat could drain the Fire People of their strength. Confronting the Comet-People, who were developing a weapon to erradicate humanity, they were overpowered by the Society and their heat-projectors. Rather than submit to being captured, the Fire-Being turned the weapon upon themselves, destroying their once proud race.

These were but two examples of several encounters the League and Society had with alien invaders. Other invasions from above which their Worlds' Greatest Heroes were able to thwart included the Appellaxians and Yzgartyl, Starro and Nyarl-Amen, the android Manhunters and Diamond Men, the Dronndarians and Golden-Men, the Treasurers and Green-Heads, to name but a few.

Halls of Justice: Headquarters of the Super Friends & Super Squad

While orbiting headquarters were used as the main base of operations for the Justice League encircling Earth-One, and the temporary meeting place for the Justice Society encircling Earth-Two, there were also more accessible earth-bound structures for these teams of heroes. Specifically, these were the Super Friend's Hall of Justice, also occasionally used by the Justice League... and the Super Squad's Brownstone, which they shared with the Justice Society. 

Each of these building were prominently placed in Gotham City. The Society's Brownstone base is well documented and was their primary locale for meetings. As for the Hall of Justice, it fell into disuse following the training of Junior Super Friends Marvin White, Wendy Harris, and the alien Wonder Twins Zan and Jayna. It had been speculated that this wasn't canon.

In fact, references to the Super Friends' existence and their cases was evident in multiple references, both in that team's adventures* and those of its originator, the Justice League**. Like their correlating team on Earth-One, the Earth-Two Super Squad ceased existence following the integration of Power Girl and Star-Spangled in the Justice Society (Robin, although included as a Squad member, was already inducted into the group years earlier). Just as the Junior Super Friends on occasion ventured to the League’s satellite, the Super Squad once rode along with their Society allies in that team’s sky-rocket… which had borrowed components from their scrapped 1951 satellite.

An unspecified time after the dissolution of the Super Friends, Superman encountered various international superheroes whom he first met during a Super Friends mission, when they and their global allies were recruited by Doctor Mist to safeguard the world from various incarcerated supervillians. These various champions from other nations around Earth-One became known as the Global Guardians, a team in action up until the Crisis on Infinite Earths. Those worldwide champions of justice met at Doctor Mist’s mountainous home located in Africa.

After the Wonder Twins completed there training and left Earth-One to venture out into the greater universe from whence they came, the Super Friends training program was discontinued in favor of more integrated training of younger superheroes within the Justice League on their satellite, such as Firestorm as a future member and the second Airwave as an associate. Still later, additional younger heroes such as Steel, Vibe and Gypsy would likewise be groomed by the Leaguers, although this took place at their Detroit factory headquarters.

As such, the Hall of Justice was retrofitted and became the Hall of Heroes, a museum with tributes to the various costumed crusaders. Meanwhile, the Super Squad's former home at the Justice Society Brownstone remained closed off from outside visitors, with various security devices in place to protect the protectors who still met there. Except for the heirs and children of the Society, the future Infinity, Inc. members who broke in during a meeting to petition membership into the team. Which was rejected until they proved themselves later.

* This reference occurred in Super Friends #7 when Marvin and Wendy referred to Superman and Batman working with the Justice League at that same time, while simultaneously Robin was on a case with the Teen Titans.

** This reference was found in Justice League of America #155. During this adventure, the Red Tornado recalled another case in Super Friends #8. An android, originally a member of the Justice Society on Earth-Two who later migrated to Earth-One to join the Justice League... used his vortex-spinning abilities to pierce the time barrier on both occasions.

A Rose is a Rose by Any Other Name: When Justice is Served!

While each Earth within the DC Multiverse has distinct features, many of them replicate the same core characters. Although certain worlds, such as Earth-S with their Squadron of Justice and Earth-Four with their Sentinels of Justice, have radically different templates for their superheroes, most worlds mirror those of Earths One and Two.

On those worlds, where the World's Greatest Heroes are the Justice League and Justice Society, they've often met others who had uncanny resemblance to their own membership. Each world has a Superman... or a Mister Might... or an evil version named Ultra-Man. The same is true for other members... each team has Amazonians, speedsters, caped crusaders, sidekicks, aliens of other worlds and crusaders from the depths below.

Earth-Three has the Crime Syndicate, Earth-Twelve has the Freedom Brigade, Earth-D has the Justice Alliance. And these are but a few examples, which illustrate that the original sole universe known as Earth-One... duplicates innumerable times following the incursion into time by the renegade Oan known as Krona... left its indelible mark in alternate realities.

And even in the aforementioned worlds of the Squadron and the Sentinels, they also have their own different yet slightly similar versions of these legendary superheroes. A prime example is their unique takes on Superman, in Captain Marvel and Captain Atom. And this same principal is true of other heroes and villians, besides those in their world's most powerful groups.

When we look at simple decisions each person and organization makes, we find fascinating forks in the proverbially road. We could illustrate this by the use of headquarters. The League throughout most of its history used a satellite headquarters orbiting Earth, the Society mostly used a brownstone building within a Gotham City, the Syndicate used a secluded citadel in the mountains outside Metropolis, the Alliance had a base of operations under the ocean.

While their histories each take different twists and turns, they all arrive at similar states of growth in their civilizations by the 20th century. And while not every person on each world having an exact, precise cosmic twin on other worlds... they each have an individual who is their closest equivalent on these other parallel planets. And therein lies the fascinating study we here explore.

Twice-Told-Tales: 10,000 Years in the Future and Ancient Atlantis

Ten-thousand years in the future, inquisitive individuals found ancient devices with the power to assist or ail humanity. Untold centuries in the past, two ancient immortal Atlanteans possessed the means to change the world. Two evil men on Earth-One, Xotor of tomorrow and Garn Daanuth of yesterday.... and their noble cosmic twins on Earth-Two. And the times when they met twin teams of Justice.

On Earth-Two, Xotor's doppleganger read a note buried along with ancient jars, that had been written by Wonder Woman. She detailed the occasion during the middle of the 20th century when the Justice Society battled synthetic beings created by immortal paint*, These were the wicked works of a disgruntled archaeologist named Niles Farrow. An ancient Atlantean, a benevolent version of Garn Daanuth, warned Farrow of the effects using this paint would produce.

Farrow painted these psuedo-people to use as agents of death against six men whom he carried grudges against. However, when an accident led to fatal injuries, Farrow called for the Justice Society, admitting his plan in order to ease his conscience and hopefully save his intended victims. 

The Society were able to overcome the paintings from different locations around the world, and return them to their jars. There they remained buried on New York, until Xotor-Two discovered them ten-thousands years later. Unlike his counterpart, this Xotor left the jars entombed so no others might be tempted by their power.

On Earth-One, Xotor decided to test the four weapons he located against the Justice League in the late 20th century, to see which device defeated them and could be used on the authorities of his era. The team were able to defeat Xotor and his gigantic robot. 

Years later, another threat, this from ancient Atlantis, was revealed in the immortal mad man known as Garn Daanuth. This villian used his powers to transform three humans into elementals in the cities of Metropolis, Los Angeles and Midway City. The focal point between the three locations was Daanuth's City of the Golden Gate, which he intended to raise from being submerged underwater. The Justice League thwarted his plans, and Daanuth apparently perished.

*Some of this living liquid may have been what the man who would become Neon the Unknown drank to gain his powers, abilities on par with his counterpart... and Daanuth's brother... Arion in ancient Atlantis.

Twice-Told-Tales: Men of the Atom Into the Cosmos

Physicists Ray Palmer and Al Pratt were obsessed with scientific discoveries, built upon their previous exposure to life-altering technology. Ray harnessed the ability to shrink to microscopic proportions through use of a white dwarf star fragment housed within his specially designed belt and palm controls. Al harnessed superhuman strength through exposure from Tholium radiation while battling a supervillain. On these occasions, neither man was in full command of their mental and moral attributes, which made them brilliant scientists and legendary heroes.

When another physicist scientist published a paper duplicating research simultaneously discovered by Ray, which he was about to present at a scientific conference, he experienced a mental breakdown. Seeking a new scientific breakthrough, Palmer became obsessed to the point where he harnessed his shrinking technology to pierce the barrier between his own universe of Earth-One, and a mysterious subatomic Microcosmos. When his best friend Hawkman tried to stop him, Palmer attacked him. When then confronted by his Justice League allies, Ray as the Atom disappeared into this new realm, with the Leaguers following him. There, both he and his allies lost their memories aside from vague recollections. Hawkman recalled his Thanagarian origin, and yet also felt a connect to ancient Egypt when he saw some writings in the subatomic world of Goltha. Together with native inhabitants led by the Wanderer and her Siren Sisterhood, the Justice League defeat the oppressive ruler Kass-andre and her warriors, who had used the mindless gigantic Atom as a weapon to subdue the world's residents for a century in their time. The League returned to Earth-One, with Ray regaining his sanity.

When the Ultra-Humanite exposed his arch-enemy Superman to the mind-altering river Koehaha, also known as the Stream of Ruthless which removes morality from any who drown in its water, he then guided Superman into doing the same with some of his Justice Society allies. Among these were the Atom and Hawkman, as six Society members began to unleash their sinister desires upon their world of Earth-Two. Al Pratt as the Atom sought to expose himself to further Tholium radiation to increase his superhuman attibutes, although he was opposed by his step-son Albert "Nuklon" Rothstein. Hawkman likewise was obsessed with uncovering secrets of ancient Egyptian museum pieces, although he was likewise opposed by his son Hector "Silver Scarab" Hall. Eventually, the effects of the stream began to wear off, with the Justice Society returning to Koehaha to submit to is toxic influence once more. This was thwarted when their old foe Brain Wave pulled them, their children of Infinity, Inc., and Ultra-Humanite into inter-dimensional Limbo between universes. There, Ultra was finally defeated and the Society regained their sanity, allowing them to return to Earth-Two. Although the Justice Society didn't encounter sub-atomic beings during this adventure, one of those present in Wonder Woman had years earlier battled Queen Atomia and her minions on a subatomic world mirroring Goltha.

Crisis on Finitie Earths - One and Two - and their Cosmic Energies

Prior to the Crisis on Infinite Earths, there were other incidents were Earths One and Two were very nearly eliminated. Two such occasions were in 1978 on Earth-One and 1972 on Earth-Two, involving temporal displacement.

An unknown alien entity sought to use Earth-One as a projectile aimed at the world of its race's enemies. With the combined efforts of the Justice League, Teen Titans, Metal Men and various other heroes including the visiting Inferior Five of Earth-Twelve, the heroes loosened the grip of the alien's massive ship, with assorted historical allies restored to their native eras.

A massive cosmic hand, consisting of nebulous energy, gripped Earth-Two while threatening its survival. Its creator, the Iron Hand, demanded absolute rulership of her world as payment for its salvation. With the combined efforts of the Justice Society, Seven Soldiers of Victory... also known as Law's Legionnaires, and the visiting Justice League of Earth-One... the heroes were able to destroy this hand after retrieving those Legionnaires scattered throughout history. 

The means of doing this was the construction of a Nebula Rod, a type of "lightning rod" device that could be used against entities or objects composed of Nebuloid energies. Decades earlier, the Seven Soldiers originally designed the Nebula Rod for use against the extraterrestrial threat named Nebula Man. Through some undisclosed means, the heroes were able to ascertain the creature's origins and nature of its being. However, due to the volitile nature of this energy, both Nebula Man and the Legionnaire equipped with the rod would be destroyed. While that person, Wing, gave his life to save Earth-Two, the spacial displacement of Nebuloid energy sent his teammates through time and space... until the Society and League retrieved them years later.

A comparable type of energy on the Justice League's Earth were Zeta-Beams, which could bend time and space. While the true nature of the stasis field used by the mystery alien in 1978 wasn't identified, interestingly this conflict pulled Adam Strange into the battle. Strange had been exposed multiple times throughout the years to Zeta-Beams, which teleported him to the planet Rann-One and back to Earth-One on several occasions. This Zeta energy was also known to allow those riding its waves to travel through time as well.

With no record of Zeta-Beams existing in Earth-Two's universe, and no Nebulous energy existing in Earth-One's universe, it seems likely due to varying physics of these parallel realities, these were divergent manifestations of the same teleportational effect.

And in fact Zeta-Beams and Nebuloid energy wasn’t the only fantastical forces unique to these two universes. The Emerald Energy discovered and harnessed by the Guardians of Earth-One’s Universe and the Q-Force harnessed by the residents of planet Myrg in Earth-Two’s universe were each distinct to their native dimensions. While the emerald energy originating from planet Oa could solidify light constructs while Q-Force manipulated mass and gravitational fields, they each were complimentary forces.

Early in the history of both universes, the Guardians extracted and expelled the chaotic elements of their Emerald Energy, unleashing it in Earth-Two’s dimension. This caused the Q-Force to lose its dominance in its own reality. Eons later, it would then be Q-Force’s turn to be unleashed upon Earth-One’s reality. What effect either of these forces had on the Zeta and Nebuloid forces in each universe is unknown, although both seemed immune to adverse affects when mingled together.

Sinister Supermen’s Strange Situation

When the Justice Society first encountered the hostile invading alien known as Aquarius, they were initially overwhelmed by the creatures power, which he projected through Starman's purloined Cosmic Rod. Finally tiring of these human adversaries. Aquarius seemingly wiped the entirety of Earth-Two of existence, save for those Society members present protected by Doctor Fate. Over the next two weeks, those heroes would be held captive in fear of an opponent who could erase them... and with them all memories of their beloved home.

After two weeks, the android Red Tornado returned from Earth-One with the Justice League, whom they sent him to recruit to assist them. Seeing the potential of these next enemies, Aquarius used his powers of persuasion to motivate the Justice Society towards unleashing their inner evil. This caused those Society members to attack their former friends in the League. 

A side effect of this excessive radiation internalized within each Socialite was an increase of power. This was especially evident in the Earth-Two Superman, who due to the nature of his superpowers (originating from Krypton-Two where all residents had superhuman physical abilities, rather than those of Krypton-One who gained more powerful superhuman abilities due to the yellow sun radiation of Earth) was able to match blow-for-blow with his Earth-One counterpart. Regrettably, this first meeting of the Men of Steel left both unconscious, succumbing to each others tremendous might.

Thankfully, the League as a whole subdued the Society, restoring their sanity, and together the twin teams battled Aquarius together. Luring the creature into the Negative, or Anti-Matter, Universe... Aquarius was destroyed and his influence removed as Earth-Two was restored to normal.

However, the Justice League soon found on their return trip to Earth-One that they also internalized some of Aquarius' radiation, unleashing their own evil sides. However, these sinister versions materialized as energy beings for all members... except for Superman! Apparently the physics differ between both universes, on Earth-Two evil is like a parasitic energy field and on Earth-One it is a projected energy field. What though was the reason as to no evil Earth-One Superman?

As an infant rocketing from Krypton-One, baby Kal-El and his vessel encountered an alien satellite with a duplicating machine aboard. This collision spawned an evil energy replica of the child, who like the original arrived on Earth-One. Raised on that world by criminals "Wolf" Derek and his wife Bonnie, the lad grew to become Super-Brat then Super-Bully before reaching adulthood as Super-Menace (similar to Wonder Boy, the Kal-L of planet Viro from another universe, who crash landed on Earth-Two instead of Earth-X in 1940). This corrupt creature battled the now grown Kal-El aka Superman, and nearly killed him with Kryptonite meteors. However, this evil version repented, saving his heroic twin while extinguishing his own psuedo-life as a result.

From this experience, Superman knew how to motivate his Justice League teammate into battling and overcoming their own evil energized copies. This finally rid them of Aquarius' influence, a week after they likewise helped eliminate the evil Justice Society.

The Hawkwomen, Their Hawkmen, and Justice Denied

While receiving top billing of the pair, the Hawkmen were only one half of the Winged Warrior duo that included the ladies in their lives, alternatively known as Hawkgirl and Hawkwoman. Even though each pair shared in scores of adventures together, when it came to the teams the Hawkmen were a part of, there wasn't room for their fairer half.

On Earth-One, this was mystifying, given the fact that Katar and Shayera Hol were sent there from their homeworld of Thanagar in order to study police techniques of that planet's humans. Indeed, both were accomplished law enforcement officers, yet when the call came for a new recruit into the Justice League, only Katar was invited to the predominant "boys club". A no duplication of powers rule was in effect, but years later disgarded after several times wherein Hawkwoman proved her value, and joined them.

On Earth-Two, Carter Hall was the established superhero, when his girlfriend Shiera Sanders asked to be trained as his assistant. So when Hawkman was recruited as a charter member of the Justice Society, perhaps he felt that Sheira wasn't qualified as yet. However, after Hawkgirl's acceptance into the All-Star Squadron as a full member, despite her petitions Hawkman did not advocate her inclusion into his main team.

From words uttered by Katar to Shayera, there was a deep bond that he refused to break for any cause or anyone, and so fought for to be added to the League. Although Carter had as great a love for Shiera, it evidently wasn't strong enough to allow her into the Society... of which he was leader! A stark contrast between the Hawkmen of two worlds!

So Silver Scarab was right and Green Arrow was wrong, Carter not Katar is the worst!

Koncurrent Krypton Kara Khronicles: Menacing Mental Mutants

Following their assistance combatting a pair of supervillains who unleashed plagues upon their parallel planets, the Girls of Steel were next tasked aboard satellites with tracking down menacing mental mutants. Each Kara was a bit headstrong, although both were courageous and led their Worlds' Greatest Heroes into outerspace to combat these old adversaries.

Despero originated from Kalanor-One before arriving on Earth-One, while Brain Wave was a natural born resident of Earth-Two. Each possessed vast powers over the mind, and were among the fiercest and most recurring of foes of the League and Society.

Both Superman and Despero were brought to the planet of Sirkus in order to amuse themselves with a battle between the two foes, along with synthetic replicas of Superman's Justice League allies. After defeating these, the real Justice League along with Supergirl will pulled to that world where they battled and defeated Despero. In this contest, despite his strong alien physique, Despero proved no match versus Kara Zor-El, the Supergirl!

Simultaneous to these events occuring, more or less, Power Girl alongside both the Justice Society and her newly formed team known as the Super Squad boarded the JSA Sky Rocket and intercepted Brain Wave's satellite headquarters. Initially, the heroes were overpowered by the barrage of Brain Wave's tremendous mental attacks as well as his ally Per Degaton's weaponry. In the end, the villains were weakened when Kara Zor-L, aka Power Girl, used her might to push Brain Wave's vessel close to the sun and outside of Earth orbit. This reversed the process of the two criminals' artificially created bodies, and restored Earth to its previously normal condition.

Just as they had done with Sonar and Queen Bee, Degaton and Brain Wave, just as had been done with a couple of mental mutants, so too each Kara would prove equal to the members of these twin teams. Soon after this, Power Girl was invited in place of her cousin Kal-L, Superman, to join the Justice Society. As for Supergirl, since her cousin Kal-El was younger and active with the Justice League, she remained a solo adventurers. Both gals would join as honorary members of the Legion of Super-Heroes and Infinity, Inc. However, the majority of Supergirl's tales were left as a member of Superman's Family, and those of Power Girl as a member of the JSA.

Koncurrent Kryptonian Kara Khronicles: Joining Justice Teams

For the first episode of the Koncurrent Kryptonian Kara Khronicles (forgive the "K's" in place of the "C's"), we being with the debut of Power Girl. While her counterpart Supergirl was operating for a few years, in Earth-One time, she was kept hidden for a longer period. Both had been trained by their cousins, who had more life experience as well as superheroic expertise. However, Power Girl needed a bit longer to assimiliate to actual human interaction, given that the majority of her life was within the virtual reality of her Symbioship, transporting her from Krypton-Two to her new adopted world. While both Karas interacted with fellow Kryptonians, Supergirl's interactions with fellow residents of the surviving Argo City of Krypton-One helped her to relate better to flesh-and-blood persons.

As our tales begin in the year 1976, both Girls of Steel have sought to uncover two disasters afflicting their parallel planets. Each was orchestrated by a pair of colorful criminals with advanced technology. And it was each Kara who played a pivotal role in assisting the Worlds' Greatest Heroes to save their twin Earths.

On Earth-One, a monetary plague afflicted residents of Central City and quickly spread nationwide, wherein money caused those possessing currency to turn psychotically strong. Meanwhile, animals around the world are gaining human intelligence, causing an increasing menace to mankind. The source of this is Sonar, who sought to reclaim his political goals of global conquest, but whose own technology was manipulated by the alien Queen Bee. With Supergirl's aid, the Leaguers defeated the villains.

On Earth-Two, various natural disasters afflicted Seattle in America, Peking in China, and Cape Town in South America. The cause for these are due to devices aboard the satellite of Brain Wave, who alongside his old Injustice Society colleague Per Degaton was attempting to extract "will energy" from their heroic foes with real disasters interspersed with illusions. With this energy, the pair hoped to gain more youthful bodies once more. Somehow through as yet undisclosed means, Power Girl was able to ascertain the culprit behind this as being Brain Wave. With this knowledge, she recruited the Justice Society and aided them in tracking down Degaton and Brain Wave.

Supergirl's ultimate goal was to locate her missing cousin Kal-El, as Superman had disappeared. Power Girl's strong desire was to break free of the shadow cast by her cousin Kal-L, as Superman seemed to be smothering her. Both women, alongside the League and Society, would accompany them in battled with mental mutants who were among their oldest adversaries. Stay tuned for more to come...

Transmatter Team Travelling Tales: The Final Two Times

Throughout their history, not only have the combined Justice League and Justice Society used the Transmatter Cubes for their annual gatherings, but individual members have as well. Sometimes, this has led to disasterous results, such as when the Supermen used a damaged Cube to save Earth-One from the alien Krogg and to save the Earth-Two Jimmy Olsen's life. And soon after, when Green Arrow and Black Canary used that same League Cube to travel to Earth-Two, and helped undo an alternate past created by Mark Ronsom the Ravager during World War II. Then there was the time Black Canary returned to Earth-Two to warn the Society about the Adjudicator. Each time, the Cube played a part.

Back in the present, once more the League hosted the Society for that year's gathering, only this time the event was interrupted by Earth-One's criminal Johnny Thunder who used his counterpart's Thunderbolt to immobilize all superheroes on that world. Thankfully, this provided the loophole necessary for the visiting Earth-Two heroes to avoid this same attack, and the Society along with former members Black Canary and Red Tornado aided them in defeating both Thunder and his Crime Champions. On this occasion, Canary learned that the person she thought she was... the Canary of the Justice Society, was actually her now dead mother. Shortly before passing, that Canary asked that her memories be transplanted into the mind of her decades-long comatose daughter, to give her the life denied her due to tragedy.

Following the invasion of Martian forces upon Earth-One, the remaining Justice League members ventured onboard the now destroyed Satellite in order to use the Transmatter Cube one last time to travel to Earth-Two. There, they recruited the Justice Society in helping them defeat Commander Steel and Mekanique, who had taken over their headquarters and held League member Steel hostage. During the Crisis on Infinite Earths, the Satellite would finally be destroyed along with its Cube, although the Justice Society's Cube remained in good repair despite nearly being destroyed by Vulcan Son of Fire.

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In the history of the annual Justice League / Justice Society teamups, the first ten team-ups transpired during specific times each year when they could traverse to the others' Earth. During this period, at times they would visit one another such as versus the original Crime Champions, the Anti-Matter Man, and Solomon Grundy.

 

During their second meeting, the League visited Earth-Two to help the Society defeat Earth-Three's Crime Syndicate... in the third occasion, the Society returned the favor by travelling to an Earth-One transformed into Earth-A to battle the new Lawless League. Sometimes, such as versus T.O. Morrow* and Creator2, both teams worked on the same case without actually meeting.

Then there were three occasions when the Society enlisted the aid of the League on Earth-Two to assist them in defeating threats such as the Black Sphere villains, Aquarius and the Iron Hand.

Once they employed use of the Transmatter Cubes, the League and Society attempted trading members to the other's headquarters for two simultaneous gatherings on both Earths, only to have these interrupted by sidetrips to Earth-X and New Genesis.

On one occasion, the Society hosted the League at the mansion of Earth-Two's Sandman, during the case wherein they learned of the tragic tale involving Sandy the Golden Boy.  On another occasion, the League hosted the Society at a fancy restaurant in Earth-One's Gotham City, which was interrupted by the Lord of Time and his five time lost heroes-turned-minions.

The League took an unplanned trip to Earth-Two during a case involving Cary Bates and the Injustice Society, while the Society took an unplanned trip to Earth-One to track down Psycho-Pirate and help their friends defeat Mordru. Another tale, not involving the Cubes at all, resulted in both teams working alongside the Squadron of Justice from Earth-S to save all three Earths.

The remaining actual gatherings of the League and Society seemed to favor the two groups meeting onboard the Satellite orbiting Earth-One. Such as during the death of Mister Terrific, the attack of the Secret Society of Super-Villains, the invasion of the Crime Syndicate (although in an alternate timeline, the League traveled to the Society's earlier headquarters to thwart Degaton's scheme), and the aforementioned battle with an evil Johnny Thunder. The final meeting prior to the Crisis, involving Commander Steel, had both groups travel to the other's world briefly.

So in the final estimation, both with and without the Cubes, their creators equally ventured to Earth-One and Earth-Two... for the League to aid their friends, for the Society to party with their pals.

* Morrow used his Futurenergy to create energy duplicates of five friends (Steve Trevor, Jean Loring, Shayera "Hawkgirl" Hol, Midge and Mera Curry) and one foe (Doctor Light) of the League, while Per Degaton's time machine created six temporal duplicates of the Society's old foes (Per Degaton, Wotan, Professor Zodiak, King Bee, Monster and Sky Pirate) from 1948 in 1941. The original friends and foes of these heroes existed separate and simultaneous to their "chronal-clones" on these occasions.

Transmatter Team Travelling Tales: More Delayed Detours

Continued usage of their Transmatter Cubes by the Justice League and Justice Society for their annual meetings just as often led to detours instead of relaxing parties on each others Earth. A year after their tragic last meeting, when JSA member Mr. Terrific lost his life at the hands of his arch-enemy onboard the League's Satellite, their next gathering led these teams to another dimension.

In a seeming replay of their inadvertent trip to Earth-X, four Leaguers and four Socialites were pulled to the world of New Genesis rather than one another's headquarters. Recruited by Metron with the goal of aiding he and his allies, the eight heroes joined forces with Terrific's counterpart Mister Miracle, Big Barda, Oberon and Orion. Together, these three teamss combined to thwart the machinations of Apokolips, the planet intent on reviving their exiled master Darkseid. As a result, these champions saved Earth-Two's very existence, which was threatened by Darkseid and his minions of that world's Injustice Society. These villains had planned to transport Apokolips into Earth-Two's universe, which would result in the destruction of Earth-Two itself! Presumably after this adventure, the groups resumed their festivities back at their original destinations.

As seemed to now be the custom, every other year, when not exchanging a handful of each team's members - transporting them to the other team's base, the Justice League hosted the Justice Society onboard their Satellite. And this time, the gathering was a success, without interruption. Following some reminiscing, each group returned to their homeworld filled with happy memories. Except for Leaguer Black Canary, recalling past memories of Earth-Two where she was from, or rather memories implanted from her mother's own recollections (which she would learn two years later). Processing these somewhat melancholy thoughts, Canary found herself attacked by the evil Mist who snuck onboard the Satellite. She and other members of the JLA and JSA were captured by the Mist and his allies of the Secret Society of Super-Villains, trapping them in an interdimensional limbo. 

However, the Earth-One members of the Secret Society sought revenge upon their Earth-Two colleagues, who had betrayed them. Using the same Transmatter Cube, those supervillains were able to journey to limbo and free the JLA and JSA, which then journeyed to the Ultra-Humanite's Secret Citadel to defeat he and the remaining supervillains.

The subsequent year, five members of the Justice Society used their Transmatter Cube to travel once more to the League Satellite, but this time their detour led them to Earth-Prime. There, they traded places with the visiting Crime Syndicate of Earth-Three, whom time traveller Per Degaton used in his latest scheme for world conquest. After journeying to the early 1940s wherein the League and Society teamed up with that era's All-Star Squadron, the heroes defeated Degaton and the Syndicate. This led to history reverting to a new timeline, where the Society heroes Transmatter travel led them to a now peaceful gathering with the League on the Satelllite.